Translate

2013年12月17日星期二

美国之音 | 弗里德曼给习近平的公开信:谁越过了红线?



弗里德曼给习近平的公开信
弗里德曼给习近平的公开信

美国具有影响力的纽约时报国际事务专栏专家托马斯•弗里德曼12月14日发表了一封给中国国家主席习近平的公开信。由于中国最近拒绝给纽约时报和彭博新闻社等美国媒体20多名驻华记者续签签证,弗里德曼呼吁习近平要反腐,而不要怪罪披露中共高层官员腐败问题的记者。

这位蜚声天下,著有《世界是平的》一书的新闻从业者在公开信中说,华尔街日报、路透社的中文网站最近被封,彭博新闻社和纽约时报的网站也被封了好几个月 了。特别是纽约时报和彭博新闻社的20多名驻华记者需要在12月底之前续签,但是中国政府拒绝给他们续签。这显然是对这两家新闻机构的报复,因为他们披露 了包括习近平在内的中国高层领导人的亲属聚敛巨额财富的问题。

弗里德曼曾经三次获得美国的新闻大奖普利策奖。他在公开信中说,中国专家告诉他,这次对美国记者前往所有的做法是因为,习近平认为美国媒体“越过了红 线”。而习近平显然把游戏规则理解为,外媒、中媒和社交媒体只能报道地方和省级官员的腐败,但决不能报道中共高层领导人的金融交易。

弗里德曼说,不是外媒记者,而是习近平的一些同事及他们的子女越过了红线。他说,外国驻华记者的工作就是必须报道中国网民的热门话题,比如说,网上传得沸沸扬扬的有关胡锦涛一名高级助手的儿子开法拉利出车祸的消息。

公开信说,随着中国经济的金融化和股权文化的出现,公司和市场必须遵守国际规范,公开有关公司结构和股东的记录文件。而记者一定会不可避免地雇用会计师和 律师来仔细研究这些文件,得以发现一些事实,比如说,前总理温家宝90岁的老母亲、也是一名退休教师,在一家中国大企业拥有1亿美元的投资,与此同时,温 家宝的儿子、女儿、弟弟及其他亲属都变得极为富有。

弗里德曼在公开信对习近平说:“如果你把我们的记者都赶出中国,我可以告诉你将会发生什么情况:他们将在香港、台湾、韩国设立办公室,仔细梳理来自远方的 金融资料,而无法通过在中国旅行,与中国民众面对面地交谈来作出平衡” ,并且这将迫使美国驱逐中国的记者,“我们不可能让你享受我们的开放,而你却蒙蔽我们。”

弗里德曼在公开信的最后呼吁习近平,为了自身利益与中国的稳定,要反腐败,而不要怪罪报道中国高官贪腐问题的记者。 
文章来源: http://goo.gl/AknypU
附:

Dear President of China

MEMO to: China’s President Xi Jinping.

Josh Haner/The New York Times
Thomas L. Friedman

From: A Friend of Your Country.
Dear President Xi, in recent years there’s been a tug of war inside the global investment community between those who think China is a bubble about to burst and therefore a “screaming short” and those who believe that China has big problems — but also big tools and smart leaders — and will find a way forward, even if at a more normal growth rate. I lean toward the second camp, but looking at some of China’s recent behavior I’m beginning to wonder: Maybe your system is more frail than I thought?
I say that as someone who wants to see China succeed in empowering its people to realize their full potential so they can better participate in shaping China’s future and integrate with the world. Anyone who is telling you that American policy makers want to see China fail doesn’t know what they’re talking about. Our two economies and fates are totally intertwined today.
So, I wish China’s people well. Many Americans do. That is why I am writing you today. I believe you’re about to make a terrible, terrible mistake.
The Chinese-language websites of The Wall Street Journal and Reuters were recently blocked, and those of Bloomberg News and The New York Times have both been blocked for months. More important, The Times and Bloomberg together have more than 20 journalists in China whose visas are up for renewal by the end of December and, so far, your government is refusing to act on them — in apparent retaliation for both organizations exposing the enormous wealth amassed by relatives of senior Chinese leaders, including yours. The rumor is that you intend to deny both organizations the right to report from China.
China experts tell me that this unprecedented crackdown is prompted by your feeling that we’ve crossed a red line. You apparently thought the rules of the game were that the foreign press, local media and social media could write anything they wanted about corruption and social protests at the local and provincial level — indeed, it was a way for the central government to track and curb corruption — but that such focus should never be brought to the financial dealings of the top leaders of the Communist Party.
Sir, if a red line has been crossed, it has been by your officials and by technology. How so? There have been enough small stories in your own media — tips of icebergs — that suggest a widespread amassing of assets by family members of the most senior Communist Party officials. This kind of asset grab may not be illegal in all cases, but it surely could not happen at this scale without people taking advantage of their positions and the lack of transparency at the top.
Just last March, Chinese authorities quickly deleted from the blogosphere photos of a fatal Beijing car crash, believed to involve the son of a close ally of then-President Hu Jintao. The car was a Ferrari. The driver was killed and two young women with him badly injured. How could such a young man afford a Ferrari?
There was no way the foreign press was going to permanently ignore such stories that so many Chinese were talking about online. And that became even more true with the financialization of your economy and the emergence of a shareholding culture that required your companies and markets to comply with international norms for public filings of corporate structures and shareholders.
It was inevitable that once those filings were in place reporters in China would, as we did, hire accountants and lawyers to scrutinize these public records and discover things — like the fact that former Prime Minister Wen Jiabao’s 90-year-old mother, a retired schoolteacher, had in her name an investment in a large Chinese financial services company valued around $100 million and Wen’s son, daughter, younger brother and brother-in-law had all also become extraordinarily wealthy.
Who crossed the red line here? We’d argue that it was some of your colleagues and their kids in opting for industrial-scale greed — combined with the new technology to expose it. That technology is not going away, so the excesses and corruption better. The Times and Bloomberg did your leadership a huge service in exposing this. It was a warning heart attack. The No. 1 cause of death of Chinese regimes in history is greed and corruption.

If you throw all our correspondents out of China, I can tell you exactly what will happen: They will set up offices in Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea and do nothing other than comb through financial records from afar, without the balancing alternative to travel in China, meet and hear from Chinese people face to face, and write with nuance about other issues. Also, it will force us to evict your journalists. We will not let you enjoy our openness while you blind us.
President Xi, you are right that exposure of huge, high-level asset grabs poses an existential threat to your party’s rule. But you’re wrong if you blame those exposing these excesses rather than those perpetrating them.
When China was taking off in the 1980s and 1990s, it could get away with maintaining open markets with a closed political system. I don’t believe that will be possible in this century, certainly not to the degree of the past. Over the last 10 years, the world has gone from connected to hyper-connected. The net effect is that in more and more countries — including China — wealth is getting concentrated at the top, but, at the same time, more power to speak and organize is being distributed at the bottom and more power to see — transparency — is being injected everywhere.
CHINA has more than 300 million micro-bloggers on your Twitter equivalent, Weibo, half of China is now on the Internet and China has 1 billion cellphones in use, many with cameras. There is no way in such a world that the focus on corruption and financial excesses can just stay localized. See dictionary for: Occupy Wall Street, Tahrir Square and Edward Snowden. They are all stories of what happens when wealth gets concentrated at the top, power gets distributed at the bottom and transparency gets injected everywhere.
Beijing ought to be concerned about what the general public will do if the secretive, back-room dealing that has enriched some elites — which every day more Chinese can see and discuss among themselves — remains a forbidden topic for public discussion and reform, and therefore mass protest becomes the only option to address it.
President Xi, for your sake and the sake of stability in China, please don’t make the mistake of blaming the messengers. The Great Chinese Firewall you need to construct can’t be against the truth. It has to be against corruption.
Sincerely yours,
A Friend of China. 
备忘录 致:中国国家主席习近平
自:贵国的一位朋友
尊敬的习主席,近些年,全球投资界一直在进行一场拉锯战,其中的一方认为中国是一个行将破裂的大泡沫,因此便“高声叫喊看空中国”;另一方则认为, 中国虽然存在巨大的问题,但却同时拥有强有力的手段和智慧的领导人,因此就会找到发展之路,即使发展的速度会更为平缓。我倾向于后一个阵营,然而,目睹中 国最近的一些表现,我不由得开始琢磨:您治下的系统,难道不像我想的那么稳固?
我这么说,是因为我乐见中国成功地赋权于民,让他们充分发挥自己的潜力,更好地参与塑造中国的未来,更好地融入世界。有些人对您说,美国的政策制定者希望看到中国失败,那些人全都是不知所云。今天,我们两国的经济和命运是完全密不可分的。
所以,我希望中国人民过得好。许多美国人也这么想。这就是我今天给您写信的原因。我认为,您眼看着就要犯下一个极其可怕的错误了。
《华尔街日报》(The Wall Street Journal)和路透社(Reuters)的中文网站最近被封,彭博新闻社(Bloomberg News)和《纽约时报》的中文网站则已经被封数月。更重要的是,《纽约时报》和彭博新闻社在中国有20多名记者,他们的签证在12月底就要到期,而到目 前为止,您的政府一直拒绝给他们续签签证——此举明显是在报复这两个机构,因为它们揭露了中国高官亲属聚敛巨额财富的行为,其中也包括您的亲属。据传言, 您有意取缔前述新闻机构在中国的报道权。
一些中国专家对我说,您感到 我们已经越过 红线,所以才采取了这种前所未有的强制取缔措施。您似乎认为,游戏规则是外国新闻媒体、地方媒体和社交媒体可以随心所欲地报道地方和省级的腐败事件和社会 抗议事件——实际上,这样的报道是中央政府追查和遏制腐败的一种途径——然而,类似关注绝不能触及中共最高领导人的财产交易。
习主席,如果说果真有人越过红线,那这也是您手下的官员和科技进步带来的结果。为什么这么说?您自己的媒体上就有足够多的短篇报道暗示——它们透露 了冰山的一角——共产党高官的家族广泛存在敛财行为。这一类的资产攫取也许并不全属违法,不过,如果官员们并未以权谋私,并未利用高层缺乏透明度的优势, 敛财的规模肯定不会这么巨大。
就在去年3月,中国当局迅速从网络博客空间删除了一组照片,照片反映了发生在北京的一起车祸命案,该案据信涉及时任国家主席胡锦涛的一名亲密盟友的 儿子。涉案车辆是一辆法拉利(Ferrari)。司机遇害,两名和他在一起的年轻女性身受重伤。死者这么年轻,怎么买得起法拉利?
既然有 如此多的中国人在网上谈论此事 ,外国新闻媒体绝不可能永久性地忽略此类报道。中国经济的金融化和股东文化的出现迫使中国公司和市场遵循国际准则、对公司架构和股东情况进行公开备案,有鉴于此,这样的局面甚至更加难以逃避。
有了这些备案材料,不可避免的情况就是,在中国的记者会像我们这样,雇佣会计师及律师仔细检查这些公开材料,从中发现一些事情。比如说,前总理温家 宝90岁的母亲只是一名退休教师,但却在中国一家大型金融服务公司拥有价值约为1亿美元(约合6.07亿元人民币)的投资,温家宝的儿子、女儿、弟弟和妻 弟也都变得非常富有。
越过红线的究竟是谁?我们认为,是您的一些同事及其子女胃口巨大的贪婪之心,以及促使这些行为曝光的新技术。这种技术不会销声匿迹,因此,过度敛财 与贪污的情况最好是销声匿迹。《纽约时报》和彭博社对此类事件的曝光极大地帮助了您的领导工作。这是心脏病发作前的一种警告。纵观历史,中国政权灭亡的头 号原因就是贪婪与腐败。
如果您把我们的记者通通赶出中国,我可以告诉您会发生什么事情:他们将在香港、台湾及韩国设立办公室,在那里专心梳理金融资料,而不再有可为平衡的 其他选择,无法在中国旅行,无法与中国人进行面对面的交流,也无法撰写关于其他问题的详尽报道。这还将迫使我们驱逐中国的记者。你们既然要蒙住我们的眼 睛,我们也不会让你们享受我们的开放。
习近平主席,您的看法没错,高层巨额敛财行为的曝光确实会给共产党的统治带来巨大威胁。但是,如果您因此责备那些曝光过度敛财行为的人,而不是那些敛财的人,那您就错了。
20世纪80及90年代,中国刚刚开始发展的时候,中国可以在封闭的政治体制下侥幸维持市场开放。但我认为,到了21世纪,这样的局面不再是一种可 能,即便是也绝对达不到过去的程度。过去10年间,世界从相互连接走向了高度连接。净效应就是越来越多的国家——包括中国——出现了财富集中于顶层的情 况,但与此同时,底层也获得了越来越多的发言权与组织权,更多的监督权——透明度——正在全世界范围内涌现。
中国版Twitter新浪微博拥有3亿多用户,有一半中国人都在使用网络,中国人使用的手机达到了10亿部,其中很多都拥有拍照功能。在这样的一个 世界当中,腐败及过度敛财的行为不可能只受到当地人的关注。您不妨在字典中查找如下词条:占领华尔街、解放广场(Tahrir Square)和爱德华·斯诺登(Edward Snowden)。这些故事都可以让我们知道,当财富集中在顶层、权力在底层散布、透明度无处不在的时候,会发生一些什么事情。
北京方面应该担心,如果这种促使一些精英致富的秘密幕后交易——每天都有更多的中国人得知并私下讨论此类交易——依然是公众讨论及改革的禁区,如果大规模抗议由此成为了解决问题的唯一选择,公众会有何反应。
习近平主席,为了您自己,也为了中国的稳定,请不要犯下这种错误,不要责难这些传达信息的人。您在中国需要建立的防火墙不能与真相作对。它必须与腐败作对。
敬上,
中国的一位朋友。
纽约时报中文网

 

没有评论:

发表评论